The activation of subconjunctival fibroblasts is believed to be responsible for the pathogenesis of pterygium. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to be the most potent stimulator of formation and progression of pterygium. Pterygium excision is a common procedure, although the recurrence rates remain high. Various postoperative adjuvant therapies are now attempted to lower the recurrence rate, with severe side effects. To offer a greater therapeutic effect and lower side effects, it’s necessary to discover a constant nanoparticle drug delivery targeting to subconjunctival fibroblasts in pterygium (PSFs). This study was designed to investigate the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) stimulated by VEGF in PSFs. We found that after exposure to VEGF, mRNA and protein levels of LDLr were both increased significantly in PSFs, assessed using relative quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Moreover, it’s demonstrated that the expression of LDLr were positively correlated with the cells proliferation. Uptake of DiI–LDL via live PSFs was increased with time, estimated by confocal microscopy. The protein expression of LDLr in pterygium subconjunctival tissues was significantly higher than in normal subconjunctival tissues. These results suggest that LDLr in the activated PSFs may become a novel target receptor for controlled drug delivery to lower postsurgical recurrence rate.