The osteogenesis effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and osteogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has been generally acknowledged. However, human bone formation effect of rhBMP-2 loaded calcium phosphate cememts (CPC) combined with allogenic BMSCs is still undefined. This study aimed to investigate how composite osteogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteoinductive bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) influenced the process of bone formation.

We chose calcium phosphate cements (cancellous bone granules; cancellous bone granules contained rhBMP-2) to facilitate osteogenesis. The composites of CPC+BMSC and CPC/rhBMP–2+BMSC were implanted respectively into nude mice via subcutaneous implantation and the tooth socket after maxillary canine teeth extraction. MAR analysis, Micro-CT analysis and immunohistochemistry assay were performed in this study to observe and compare by the schedule.

It was showed that combined with CPC+BMSC or CPC/rhBMP–2+BMSC induced stronger ability of the proliferation of allogenic BMSCs observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Picric acid-fuchsin staining and immunohistochemical analysis illustrated the stronger new bone forming ability of CPC+BMSC group and CPC/rhBMP–2+BMSC group than those of controlled group.

The combinations of rhBMP2-loaded CPC with allogeneic BMSCs promote new bone tissue formation.