Esculetin, a naturally occurring 6,7-dihydroxy derivative of coumarin has shown its potential role in various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular, renal failure, cancer and neurological disorders. NCDs, responsible for about 70% of the deaths occurring globally are majorly attributed to tobacco or alcohol abuse, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy diets. It can be managed by improving access to cost-effective treatment, care and prevention. The beneficial effects of esculetin in NCDs have been ascribed to its antioxidant, anti-proliferative and cytoprotective potential. This review attempts to summarize the beneficial effects shown by the emerging molecule and the underlying mechanisms. This may help us in improving our understanding of the molecule and may encourage the researchers to ponder over further development of esculetin as a potential therapeutic intervention in NCDs.