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Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and Weight Development in Children - 25/08/16

Doi : 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.015 
Catherine A. Mbakwa, MSc 1, 2, , Lotte Scheres, BSc 2, , John Penders, PhD 2, 3, Monique Mommers, PhD 2, Carel Thijs, MD, PhD 2, Ilja C.W. Arts, PhD 2, 4
1 Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands 
2 Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands 
3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht and CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands 
4 CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, and Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht, The Netherlands 

Reprint requests: Catherine A. Mbakwa, MSc, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.Department of EpidemiologyMaastricht UniversityPO Box 616Maastricht6200 MDThe Netherlands

Abstract

Objective

To examine the timing, frequency, and type of antibiotic exposure during the first 10 years of life in association with (over)weight across this period in a cohort of 979 children.

Study design

Within the Child, Parents and Health: Lifestyle and Genetic Constitution Birth Cohort Study, antibiotic exposure record was obtained from general practitioners. Anthropometric outcomes (age- and sex-standardized body mass index, weight and height z-scores, and overweight) were measured repeatedly at 7 time points during the first 10 years of life. Generalized estimating equations method was used for statistical analysis.

Results

After adjusting for confounding factors, children exposed to one course of antibiotics compared with none in the first 6 months of life had increased weight- (adjusted generalized estimating equations estimates [adjβ] 0.24; 95% CI 0.03-0.44) and height (adjβ 0.23; 95% CI 0.0002-0.46) z-scores; exposure to ≥2 courses during the second year of life was associated with both increased weight (adjβ 0.34; 95% CI 0.07-0.60), and height z-scores (adjβ 0.29; 95% CI −0.003 to 0.59). Exposure later in life was not associated with anthropometric outcomes. Associations with weight z-scores were mainly driven by exposure to broad- (≥2 courses: adjβ 0.11; 95% CI 0.003-0.22) and narrow-spectrum β-lactams (1 course: adjβ 0.18; 95% CI 0.005-0.35) during the follow-up period. Specific antibiotic used was not associated with body mass index z-scores and overweight.

Conclusions

Repeated exposure to antibiotics early in life, especially β-lactam agents, is associated with increased weight and height. If causality of obesity can be established in future studies, this further highlights the need for restrictive antibiotic use and avoidance of prescriptions when there is minimal clinical benefit.

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Keywords : antimicrobial agents, childhood overweight, gut microbiota

Abbreviations : adjβ, BMI, BS, FFQ, GEE, GP, KOALA, NS


Plan


 Funded by TI Food and Nutrition, BBMRI-NL, a research infrastructure financed by the Dutch government (NWO 184.021.007), Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (2100.0090), Netherlands Asthma Foundation (3.2.03.48 and 3.2.07.022), Netherlands Heart Foundation (2008B112), Triodos Foundation, Phoenix Foundation, Raphaël Foundation, Iona Foundation, Foundation for the Advancement of Heilpedagogiek, Royal Friesland Foods (currently FrieslandCampina), Netherlands Sugar Foundation, and the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. The sponsors had no influence on the analysis and reporting of this study. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.


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Vol 176

P. 105 - septembre 2016 Retour au numéro
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