Relationship between drowning location and outcome after drowning-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: nationwide study - 21/08/16
, Ki Jeong Hong, MD b, ⁎ , Sang Do Shin, MD, PhD c , Young Sun Ro, MD, DrPH d , Kyoung Jun Song, MD, PhD a , Eui Jung Lee, MD a , Yu Jin Lee, MD e , Ki Ok Ahn, MD, PhD d Abstract |
Purpose |
Accidental drowning can cause out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We investigated the effect of drowning location on outcomes of individuals who experienced drowning-OHCA.
Methods |
All cases of emergency medical service–treated drowning-OHCA in South Korea from January 2006 to December 2013 were analyzed. Cases were excluded if there was a preceding injury, no information on event location, or suicide. Cases were divided into 4 groups: recreational water with mandatory safety regulations (group 1, public swimming pool; group 2, beach) and nonrecreational water without mandatory safety regulations (group 3, natural freshwater; group 4, seawater). The main outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using natural freshwater as the reference location.
Results |
We analyzed 1691 drowning-OHCAs (public swimming pools, 3.4%; public beaches, 5.2%; unsupervised seawater, 33.8%; and unsupervised open freshwater, 57.6%). The rate of survival to discharge was 4.6% for all cases, 17.5% for cases in public swimming pools, 9.1% for cases in public beaches, 4.9% for cases in unsupervised seawater, and 3.3% for cases in unsupervised open freshwater (p<0.01). The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for survival relative to natural freshwater were 3.97 (95% CI, 1.77-8.89) for public swimming pools, 2.81 (95% CI, 1.22-6.45) for public beaches, and 1.54 (95% CI, 0.88-2.70) for unsupervised seawater.
Conclusion |
Individuals who experience drowning-OHCA in public locations with safety regulations had a better rate of survival. There should be improved public awareness of the significantly greater risk of drowning-OHCA in locations that have no safety regulations.
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| ☆ | This study was supported by the National Emergency Management Agency of Korea and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study was funded by the Seoul Metropolitan City Government (2008) and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008-2013). |
Vol 34 - N° 9
P. 1799-1803 - septembre 2016 Retour au numéro
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