Rhinitis Subtypes, Endotypes, and Definitions - 14/04/16

Doi : 10.1016/j.iac.2015.12.001

Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, MD, PhD ^a,^b,^c,^⁎ , George V. Guibas, MD, PhD ^a,^b
^a Centre of Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
^b Department of Pediatric Immunology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
^c Allergy Department, 2nd University Pediatrics Clinic, University of Athens, Aglaia Kyriakou Childrens Hospital, Thivon & Livadeias, Athens 11527, Greece

^∗Corresponding author. St Mary’s Hospital, 5th Floor, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.St Mary’s Hospital5th Floor, ResearchOxford RoadManchesterM13 9WLUK

Résumé

Rhinitis is often seen as posing a small burden. However, rhinitis is a complex disease that is underpinned by a plethora of different mechanisms and causes. Rhinitis is frequently associated with other comorbid conditions but, by itself, is a source of considerable morbidity for patients and creates a significant financial burden on health systems worldwide. This article approaches this condition from both a phenotypic and mechanistic standpoint, focusing on the complexity of characterizing these subtypes. Developing a clearer demarcation of the currently obscure rhinitis phenotypes and endotypes will substantially improve their future prevention and treatment.

Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.

Keywords : Rhinitis, Endotypes, Phenotypes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms

Plan

Key points

Introduction

Subtypes, endotypes, and definitions

Rhinosinusitis and Overlapping Subtypes

Allergic Rhinitis

Nonallergic Rhinitis

Rhinitis by structural/mechanical abnormalities

Rhinitis as a sign of systemic disease

Summary

Conflicts of interest: Dr N.G. Papadopoulos has received grants from GSK, Nestle, and Merck, fees for development of educational presentations from AbbVie, Sanofi, Menarini, Meda, consultancy fees from GSK, AbbVie, Novartis, Menarini, ALK-Abello, and Meda, and fees for lectures by Novartis, Allergopharma, Uriach, GSK, Stallergenes, and MSD; Dr G.V. Guibas declares no relevant conflict of interest.