Calcium spirulan derived from Spirulina platensis inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 attachment to human keratinocytes and protects against herpes labialis - 07/01/16
, Kristian Reich, MD, PhD b, ⁎ Abstract |
Background |
Chronic infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 are highly prevalent in populations worldwide and cause recurrent oral lesions in up to 40% of infected subjects.
Objective |
We investigated the antiviral activity of a defined Spirulina platensis microalga extract and of purified calcium spirulan (Ca-SP), a sulfated polysaccharide contained therein.
Methods |
The inhibitory effects of HSV-1 were assessed by using a plaque reduction assay and quantitative PCR in a susceptible mammalian epithelial cell line and confirmed in human keratinocytes. Time-of-addition and attachment experiments and fluorescence detection of the HSV-1 tegument protein VP16 were used to analyze the mechanism of HSV-1 inhibition. Effects of Ca-SP on Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8 replication and uptake of the ORF45 tegument protein were tested in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. In an observational trial the prophylactic effects of topically applied Ca-SP were compared with those of systemic and topical nucleoside analogues in 198 volunteers with recurrent herpes labialis receiving permanent lip makeup.
Results |
Ca-SP inhibited HSV-1 infection in vitro with a potency at least comparable to that of acyclovir by blocking viral attachment and penetration into host cells. Ca-SP also inhibited entry of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8. In the clinical model of herpes exacerbation, the prophylactic effect of a Ca-SP and microalgae extract containing cream was superior to that of acyclovir cream.
Conclusion |
These data indicate a potential clinical use of Ca-SP containing Spirulina species extract for the prophylactic treatment of herpes labialis and suggest possible activity of Ca-SP against infections caused by other herpesviruses.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : Herpes simplex virus 1, Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8, Spirulina microalgae, calcium spirulan, keratinocytes, herpes labialis, Kaposi sarcoma
Abbreviations used : ACV, Ca-SP, CHX, HSV, IC50, KSHV/HHV-8, MOI, pfu, PMU, PRA, SPME, TCID50
Plan
| Supported by a grant from the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU IICH 07.802). |
|
| Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: J. Mader has received a grant from Ocean Pharma. P. Günther is the CEO of Ocean Pharma R&D, the company that owns the patent of the microalgae extract used (DE 102013113790.3) and the CEO of Ocean Pharma GmbH, the company that manufactures the microalgae-containing cream used in the clinical trial. W. Brune has received a grant from the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF). K. Reich has received a consulting fee or honorarium from Ocean Pharma; is a board member for, has consultant arrangements with, has received grants from, and has received payment for lectures and development of educational presentations from AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Celgene, Centocor, Covagen, Forward Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag, Leo, Lilly, Medac, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Takeda, UCB Pharma, and Xenoport; and has stock/stock options with Forward Pharma. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. |
Vol 137 - N° 1
P. 197 - janvier 2016 Retour au numéro
Article précédent
- Genetic predisposition to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Report on 500 patients from the Italian registry
- Valentina Cetica, Elena Sieni, Daniela Pende, Cesare Danesino, Carmen De Fusco, Franco Locatelli, Concetta Micalizzi, Maria Caterina Putti, Andrea Biondi, Franca Fagioli, Lorenzo Moretta, Gillian M. Griffiths, Lucio Luzzatto, Maurizio Aricò
- Protein microarrays identify disease-specific anti-cytokine autoantibody profiles in the landscape of immunodeficiency
- Jacob M. Rosenberg, Jordan V. Price, Gabriela Barcenas-Morales, Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez, Sophie Davies, Dinakantha S. Kumararatne, Rainer Döffinger, Paul J. Utz
Bienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
L’accès au texte intégral de cet article nécessite un abonnement.
Déjà abonné à cette revue ?