Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin (BoNTA) is one of the primary treatments for focal spasticity. This treatment is considered costly and the level of reimbursement by health insurance has been decreasing in many countries for several years. The aim of this study was to determine the real cost of treating spasticity with BoNTA and to compare this with the level of reimbursement by the national health insurance in France in 2008 and with a new fee, specific to the injection of BoNTA in ambulatory services.

A single-center, retrospective study using the 2008 database from a French secondary-care day-hospital unit (treating spasticity in adults with sequelae of stroke, multiple sclerosis or traumatic brain injuries). The level of reimbursement by the French ministry of health for BoNTA treatment for adults with spasticity constituted the “calculated cost” and corresponded to the hospital's “budget”. The “real cost” (incurred by the hospital) included the sum of staffing and material costs as well as the number of toxin vials used. The calculated costs for 2009 and 2013 were based on the levels of reimbursement during those years. The difference between real and calculated cost for 2009 and 2013 was estimated considering that the real cost of 2008 was stable.

In 2008, 364 patients received BoNTA, resulting in 870 day-hospital admissions. The calculated cost was 459,056€/year and the real cost was 567,438€/year (equivalent to 4.27€/day/patient). The total budget deficit (hospital income minus hospital costs) was 108,383€. The deficit was estimated at 222,892€ in 2009 and 241,188€ in 2013.

The daily cost of BoNTA treatment for spasticity is reasonable; however, because of the level of reimbursement by the national health insurance in France, the treatment is costly for French hospitals.